| Title |
Transcriptomic Analysis of Tail Regeneration in the Lizard Anolis carolinensis Reveals Activation of Conserved Vertebrate Developmental and Repair Mechanisms
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, August 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0105004 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Elizabeth D. Hutchins, Glenn J. Markov, Walter L. Eckalbar, Rajani M. George, Jesse M. King, Minami A. Tokuyama, Lauren A. Geiger, Nataliya Emmert, Michael J. Ammar, April N. Allen, Ashley L. Siniard, Jason J. Corneveaux, Rebecca E. Fisher, Juli Wade, Dale F. DeNardo, J. Alan Rawls, Matthew J. Huentelman, Jeanne Wilson-Rawls, Kenro Kusumi |
| Abstract |
Lizards, which are amniote vertebrates like humans, are able to lose and regenerate a functional tail. Understanding the molecular basis of this process would advance regenerative approaches in amniotes, including humans. We have carried out the first transcriptomic analysis of tail regeneration in a lizard, the green anole Anolis carolinensis, which revealed 326 differentially expressed genes activating multiple developmental and repair mechanisms. Specifically, genes involved in wound response, hormonal regulation, musculoskeletal development, and the Wnt and MAPK/FGF pathways were differentially expressed along the regenerating tail axis. Furthermore, we identified 2 microRNA precursor families, 22 unclassified non-coding RNAs, and 3 novel protein-coding genes significantly enriched in the regenerating tail. However, high levels of progenitor/stem cell markers were not observed in any region of the regenerating tail. Furthermore, we observed multiple tissue-type specific clusters of proliferating cells along the regenerating tail, not localized to the tail tip. These findings predict a different mechanism of regeneration in the lizard than the blastema model described in the salamander and the zebrafish, which are anamniote vertebrates. Thus, lizard tail regrowth involves the activation of conserved developmental and wound response pathways, which are potential targets for regenerative medical therapies. |
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 10 | 19% |
| Spain | 7 | 13% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 8% |
| Mexico | 2 | 4% |
| Colombia | 1 | 2% |
| Germany | 1 | 2% |
| Malaysia | 1 | 2% |
| Italy | 1 | 2% |
| France | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 24 | 45% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 36 | 68% |
| Scientists | 13 | 25% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 7 | 3% |
| France | 3 | 1% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
| Norway | 1 | <1% |
| India | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Denmark | 1 | <1% |
| Chile | 1 | <1% |
| Japan | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 230 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 57 | 23% |
| Student > Bachelor | 43 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 34 | 14% |
| Researcher | 32 | 13% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 12 | 5% |
| Other | 36 | 14% |
| Unknown | 35 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 120 | 48% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 49 | 20% |
| Engineering | 9 | 4% |
| Environmental Science | 7 | 3% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 2% |
| Other | 17 | 7% |
| Unknown | 41 | 16% |