| Title |
Meta-Milgram: An Empirical Synthesis of the Obedience Experiments
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, April 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0093927 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nick Haslam, Steve Loughnan, Gina Perry |
| Abstract |
Milgram's famous experiment contained 23 small-sample conditions that elicited striking variations in obedient responding. A synthesis of these diverse conditions could clarify the factors that influence obedience in the Milgram paradigm. We assembled data from the 21 conditions (N = 740) in which obedience involved progression to maximum voltage (overall rate 43.6%) and coded these conditions on 14 properties pertaining to the learner, the teacher, the experimenter, the learner-teacher relation, the experimenter-teacher relation, and the experimental setting. Logistic regression analysis indicated that eight factors influenced the likelihood that teachers continued to the 450 volt shock: the experimenter's directiveness, legitimacy, and consistency; group pressure on the teacher to disobey; the indirectness, proximity, and intimacy of the relation between teacher and learner; and the distance between the teacher and the experimenter. Implications are discussed. |
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | 7 | 12% |
| United Kingdom | 6 | 10% |
| United States | 5 | 9% |
| Italy | 2 | 3% |
| Norway | 2 | 3% |
| Mexico | 2 | 3% |
| Australia | 2 | 3% |
| Canada | 1 | 2% |
| Germany | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 4 | 7% |
| Unknown | 26 | 45% |
Demographic breakdown
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|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 39 | 67% |
| Scientists | 14 | 24% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 7% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 2 | <1% |
| France | 2 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 199 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
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|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 47 | 23% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 19 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 11 | 5% |
| Researcher | 10 | 5% |
| Other | 37 | 18% |
| Unknown | 59 | 29% |
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|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 89 | 43% |
| Social Sciences | 18 | 9% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 4% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 3% |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 6 | 3% |
| Other | 18 | 9% |
| Unknown | 59 | 29% |