Title |
The Smartphone Brain Scanner: A Portable Real-Time Neuroimaging System
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Published in |
PLOS ONE, February 2014
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DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0086733 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Arkadiusz Stopczynski, Carsten Stahlhut, Jakob Eg Larsen, Michael Kai Petersen, Lars Kai Hansen |
Abstract |
Combining low-cost wireless EEG sensors with smartphones offers novel opportunities for mobile brain imaging in an everyday context. Here we present the technical details and validation of a framework for building multi-platform, portable EEG applications with real-time 3D source reconstruction. The system--Smartphone Brain Scanner--combines an off-the-shelf neuroheadset or EEG cap with a smartphone or tablet, and as such represents the first fully portable system for real-time 3D EEG imaging. We discuss the benefits and challenges, including technical limitations as well as details of real-time reconstruction of 3D images of brain activity. We present examples of brain activity captured in a simple experiment involving imagined finger tapping, which shows that the acquired signal in a relevant brain region is similar to that obtained with standard EEG lab equipment. Although the quality of the signal in a mobile solution using an off-the-shelf consumer neuroheadset is lower than the signal obtained using high-density standard EEG equipment, we propose mobile application development may offset the disadvantages and provide completely new opportunities for neuroimaging in natural settings. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 23 | 16% |
United Kingdom | 20 | 14% |
Canada | 6 | 4% |
Denmark | 5 | 4% |
Australia | 4 | 3% |
Germany | 3 | 2% |
Spain | 2 | 1% |
Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
Brazil | 2 | 1% |
Other | 15 | 11% |
Unknown | 58 | 41% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 95 | 68% |
Scientists | 36 | 26% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 8 | 6% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 1% |
Brazil | 2 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Cuba | 2 | <1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
Indonesia | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Other | 7 | 2% |
Unknown | 308 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 70 | 21% |
Student > Master | 62 | 18% |
Researcher | 51 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 30 | 9% |
Other | 20 | 6% |
Other | 75 | 22% |
Unknown | 29 | 9% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 70 | 21% |
Computer Science | 53 | 16% |
Engineering | 50 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 24 | 7% |
Other | 69 | 20% |
Unknown | 46 | 14% |