Title |
Livestock-Associated Methicillin and Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Is Present among Industrial, Not Antibiotic-Free Livestock Operation Workers in North Carolina
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Published in |
PLOS ONE, July 2013
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DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067641 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jessica L. Rinsky, Maya Nadimpalli, Steve Wing, Devon Hall, Dothula Baron, Lance B. Price, Jesper Larsen, Marc Stegger, Jill Stewart, Christopher D. Heaney |
Abstract |
Administration of antibiotics to food animals may select for drug-resistant pathogens of clinical significance, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the United States, studies have examined prevalence of MRSA carriage among individuals exposed to livestock, but prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) carriage and the association with livestock raised with versus without antibiotic selective pressure remains unclear. We aimed to examine prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular characteristics of S. aureus among industrial livestock operation (ILO) and antibiotic-free livestock operation (AFLO) workers and household members in North Carolina. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 16 | 32% |
Canada | 4 | 8% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 6% |
Thailand | 2 | 4% |
Netherlands | 2 | 4% |
Ireland | 1 | 2% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 21 | 42% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 38 | 76% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 8% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 8% |
Scientists | 4 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 2% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
New Zealand | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 229 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 40 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 35 | 15% |
Researcher | 30 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 28 | 12% |
Student > Postgraduate | 15 | 6% |
Other | 43 | 18% |
Unknown | 46 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 54 | 23% |
Environmental Science | 32 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 23 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 5% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 10 | 4% |
Other | 43 | 18% |
Unknown | 63 | 27% |