Title |
Galectin-9 Activates and Expands Human T-Helper 1 Cells
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Published in |
PLOS ONE, May 2013
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DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0065616 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marloes J. M. Gooden, Valerie R. Wiersma, Douwe F. Samplonius, Jurjen Gerssen, Robert J. van Ginkel, Hans W. Nijman, Mitsuomi Hirashima, Toshiro Niki, Paul Eggleton, Wijnand Helfrich, Edwin Bremer |
Abstract |
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is known for induction of apoptosis in IFN-γ and IL-17 producing T-cells and amelioration of autoimmunity in murine models. On the other hand, Gal-9 induced IFN-γ positive T-cells in a sarcoma mouse model and in food allergy, suggesting that Gal-9 can have diametric effects on T-cell immunity. Here, we aimed to delineate the immunomodulatory effect of Gal-9 on human resting and ex vivo activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Treatment of resting lymphocytes with low concentrations of Gal-9 (5-30 nM) induced apoptosis in ∼60% of T-cells after 1 day, but activated the surviving T-cells. These viable T-cells started to expand after 4 days with up to 6 cell divisions by day 7 and an associated shift from naïve towards central memory and IFN-γ producing phenotype. In the presence of T-cell activation signals (anti-CD3/IL-2) Gal-9 did not induce T-cell expansion, but shifted the CD4/CD8 balance towards a CD4-dominated T-cell response. Thus, Gal-9 activates resting T-cells in the absence of typical T-cell activating signals and promotes their transition to a TH1/C1 phenotype. In the presence of T-cell activating signals T-cell immunity is directed towards a CD4-driven response by Gal-9. Thus, Gal-9 may specifically enhance reactive immunological memory. |
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Geographical breakdown
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Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 25% |
Researcher | 8 | 13% |
Student > Master | 8 | 13% |
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Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 8% |
Other | 8 | 13% |
Unknown | 10 | 16% |
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Business, Management and Accounting | 2 | 3% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
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