| Title |
Gold Nanoparticle Delivery of Modified CpG Stimulates Macrophages and Inhibits Tumor Growth for Enhanced Immunotherapy
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, May 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0063550 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Adam Yuh Lin, Joao Paulo Mattos Almeida, Adham Bear, Nathan Liu, Laureen Luo, Aaron Edward Foster, Rebekah Anna Drezek |
| Abstract |
Gold nanoparticle accumulation in immune cells has commonly been viewed as a side effect for cancer therapeutic delivery; however, this phenomenon can be utilized for developing gold nanoparticle mediated immunotherapy. Here, we conjugated a modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotide immune stimulant to gold nanoparticles using a simple and scalable self-assembled monolayer scheme that enhanced the functionality of CpG in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles can attenuate systemic side effects by enhancing CpG delivery passively to innate effector cells. The use of a triethylene glycol (TEG) spacer on top of the traditional poly-thymidine spacer increased CpG macrophage stimulatory effects without sacrificing DNA content on the nanoparticle, which directly correlates to particle uptake. In addition, the immune effects of modified CpG-AuNPs were altered by the core particle size, with smaller 15 nm AuNPs generating maximum immune response. These TEG modified CpG-AuNP complexes induced macrophage and dendritic cell tumor infiltration, significantly inhibited tumor growth, and promoted survival in mice when compared to treatments with free CpG. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 140 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Turkey | 1 | <1% |
| Philippines | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 136 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 46 | 33% |
| Student > Master | 30 | 21% |
| Researcher | 21 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 10 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 10 | 7% |
| Unknown | 19 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 24 | 17% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 23 | 16% |
| Chemistry | 19 | 14% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 8% |
| Engineering | 11 | 8% |
| Other | 23 | 16% |
| Unknown | 29 | 21% |