| Title |
Natural IgG Autoantibodies Are Abundant and Ubiquitous in Human Sera, and Their Number Is Influenced By Age, Gender, and Disease
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, April 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0060726 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Eric P. Nagele, Min Han, Nimish K. Acharya, Cassandra DeMarshall, Mary C. Kosciuk, Robert G. Nagele |
| Abstract |
The presence of self-reactive IgG autoantibodies in human sera is largely thought to represent a breakdown in central tolerance and is typically regarded as a harbinger of autoimmune pathology. In the present study, immune-response profiling of human serum from 166 individuals via human protein microarrays demonstrates that IgG autoantibodies are abundant in all human serum, usually numbering in the thousands. These IgG autoantibodies bind to human antigens from organs and tissues all over the body and their serum diversity is strongly influenced by age, gender, and the presence of specific diseases. We also found that serum IgG autoantibody profiles are unique to an individual and remarkably stable over time. Similar profiles exist in rat and swine, suggesting conservation of this immunological feature among mammals. The number, diversity, and apparent evolutionary conservation of autoantibody profiles suggest that IgG autoantibodies have some important, as yet unrecognized, physiological function. We propose that IgG autoantibodies have evolved as an adaptive mechanism for debris-clearance, a function consistent with their apparent utility as diagnostic indicators of disease as already established for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 10 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | 50% |
| Hong Kong | 1 | 10% |
| Australia | 1 | 10% |
| Germany | 1 | 10% |
| Unknown | 2 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 8 | 80% |
| Scientists | 1 | 10% |
| Unknown | 1 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 222 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | <1% |
| Chile | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| South Africa | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 217 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 43 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 38 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 30 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 25 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 13 | 6% |
| Other | 39 | 18% |
| Unknown | 34 | 15% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 54 | 24% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 31 | 14% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 31 | 14% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 25 | 11% |
| Neuroscience | 15 | 7% |
| Other | 18 | 8% |
| Unknown | 48 | 22% |