Title |
Phylomemetic Patterns in Science Evolution—The Rise and Fall of Scientific Fields
|
---|---|
Published in |
PLOS ONE, February 2013
|
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054847 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
David Chavalarias, Jean-Philippe Cointet |
Abstract |
We introduce an automated method for the bottom-up reconstruction of the cognitive evolution of science, based on big-data issued from digital libraries, and modeled as lineage relationships between scientific fields. We refer to these dynamic structures as phylomemetic networks or phylomemies, by analogy with biological evolution; and we show that they exhibit strong regularities, with clearly identifiable phylomemetic patterns. Some structural properties of the scientific fields - in particular their density -, which are defined independently of the phylomemy reconstruction, are clearly correlated with their status and their fate in the phylomemy (like their age or their short term survival). Within the framework of a quantitative epistemology, this approach raises the question of predictibility for science evolution, and sketches a prototypical life cycle of the scientific fields: an increase of their cohesion after their emergence, the renewal of their conceptual background through branching or merging events, before decaying when their density is getting too low. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
France | 9 | 23% |
United States | 6 | 15% |
Canada | 3 | 8% |
Netherlands | 3 | 8% |
Germany | 2 | 5% |
Brazil | 1 | 3% |
Mexico | 1 | 3% |
Switzerland | 1 | 3% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 3% |
Other | 2 | 5% |
Unknown | 11 | 28% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 24 | 60% |
Scientists | 15 | 38% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
France | 7 | 4% |
Germany | 2 | 1% |
Switzerland | 2 | 1% |
Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
Belgium | 2 | 1% |
United States | 2 | 1% |
Spain | 2 | 1% |
Taiwan | 1 | <1% |
Malaysia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 144 | 87% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 41 | 25% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 20% |
Student > Master | 13 | 8% |
Professor | 13 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 7% |
Other | 38 | 23% |
Unknown | 16 | 10% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Social Sciences | 28 | 17% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 27 | 16% |
Computer Science | 25 | 15% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 9 | 5% |
Physics and Astronomy | 8 | 5% |
Other | 46 | 28% |
Unknown | 23 | 14% |