| Title |
Impact of Tobacco-Related Health Warning Labels across Socioeconomic, Race and Ethnic Groups: Results from a Randomized Web-Based Experiment
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, January 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0052206 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Jennifer Cantrell, Donna M. Vallone, James F. Thrasher, Rebekah H. Nagler, Shari P. Feirman, Larry R. Muenz, David Y. He, Kasisomayajula Viswanath |
| Abstract |
The U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 requires updating of the existing text-only health warning labels on tobacco packaging with nine new warning statements accompanied by pictorial images. Survey and experimental research in the U.S. and other countries supports the effectiveness of pictorial health warning labels compared with text-only warnings for informing smokers about the risks of smoking and encouraging cessation. Yet very little research has examined differences in reactions to warning labels by race/ethnicity, education or income despite evidence that population subgroups may differ in their ability to process health information. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential impact of pictorial warning labels compared with text-only labels among U.S. adult smokers from diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 38 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 8 | 21% |
| Netherlands | 5 | 13% |
| Thailand | 2 | 5% |
| Spain | 2 | 5% |
| Ireland | 2 | 5% |
| France | 2 | 5% |
| Canada | 1 | 3% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 3% |
| Japan | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 13 | 34% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 30 | 79% |
| Scientists | 4 | 11% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 169 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Indonesia | 1 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Denmark | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 162 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 37 | 22% |
| Researcher | 28 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 8% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 9 | 5% |
| Other | 37 | 22% |
| Unknown | 26 | 15% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Social Sciences | 34 | 20% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 30 | 18% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 19 | 11% |
| Psychology | 18 | 11% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 5% |
| Other | 24 | 14% |
| Unknown | 36 | 21% |