Men Long Liong, Chun Ren Lim, Hengxuan Yang, Samuel Chao, Chin Wei Bong, Seng Leong, Prashanta Kumar Das, Chit Sin Loh, Ban Eng Lau, Choon Geok Yu, Edie Jian Jiek Ooi, Robert K. Nam, Paul D. Allen, Graeme S. Steele, Karl Wassmann, Jerome P. Richie, Choong Chin Liew

Prostate cancer is a bimodal disease with aggressive and indolent forms. Current prostate-specific-antigen testing and digital rectal examination screening provide ambiguous results leading to both under-and over-treatment. Accurate, consistent diagnosis is crucial to risk-stratify patients and facilitate clinical decision making as to treatment versus active surveillance. Diagnosis is currently achieved by needle biopsy, a painful procedure. Thus, there is a clinical need for a minimally-invasive test to determine prostate cancer aggressiveness. A blood sample to predict Gleason score, which is known to reflect aggressiveness of the cancer, could serve as such a test.