| Title |
Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin for Treatment of Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, August 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0041756 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Denise L. Faustman, Limei Wang, Yoshiaki Okubo, Douglas Burger, Liqin Ban, Guotong Man, Hui Zheng, David Schoenfeld, Richard Pompei, Joseph Avruch, David M. Nathan |
| Abstract |
No targeted immunotherapies reverse type 1 diabetes in humans. However, in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) reverses disease by restoring insulin secretion. Specifically, it stimulates innate immunity by inducing the host to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which, in turn, kills disease-causing autoimmune cells and restores pancreatic beta-cell function through regeneration. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 45 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 9 | 20% |
| Mexico | 5 | 11% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 9% |
| Spain | 2 | 4% |
| Brazil | 2 | 4% |
| Chile | 1 | 2% |
| Armenia | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 21 | 47% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 35 | 78% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 11% |
| Scientists | 3 | 7% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 196 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 2% |
| Denmark | 3 | 2% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| France | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 181 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 31 | 16% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 30 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 29 | 15% |
| Other | 18 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 17 | 9% |
| Other | 36 | 18% |
| Unknown | 35 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 58 | 30% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 30 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 13 | 7% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 6% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 10 | 5% |
| Other | 30 | 15% |
| Unknown | 44 | 22% |