Title |
Complexity of the International Agro-Food Trade Network and Its Impact on Food Safety
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Published in |
PLOS ONE, May 2012
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DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0037810 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mária Ercsey-Ravasz, Zoltán Toroczkai, Zoltán Lakner, József Baranyi |
Abstract |
With the world's population now in excess of 7 billion, it is vital to ensure the chemical and microbiological safety of our food, while maintaining the sustainability of its production, distribution and trade. Using UN databases, here we show that the international agro-food trade network (IFTN), with nodes and edges representing countries and import-export fluxes, respectively, has evolved into a highly heterogeneous, complex supply-chain network. Seven countries form the core of the IFTN, with high values of betweenness centrality and each trading with over 77% of all the countries in the world. Graph theoretical analysis and a dynamic food flux model show that the IFTN provides a vehicle suitable for the fast distribution of potential contaminants but unsuitable for tracing their origin. In particular, we show that high values of node betweenness and vulnerability correlate well with recorded large food poisoning outbreaks. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 4 | 21% |
United States | 3 | 16% |
Germany | 1 | 5% |
Brazil | 1 | 5% |
Netherlands | 1 | 5% |
Portugal | 1 | 5% |
Canada | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 7 | 37% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 14 | 74% |
Scientists | 4 | 21% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 2% |
Mexico | 3 | 1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Hungary | 1 | <1% |
Kenya | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Other | 4 | 2% |
Unknown | 222 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 53 | 22% |
Researcher | 46 | 19% |
Student > Master | 34 | 14% |
Other | 14 | 6% |
Student > Bachelor | 14 | 6% |
Other | 48 | 20% |
Unknown | 31 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 52 | 22% |
Environmental Science | 27 | 11% |
Social Sciences | 19 | 8% |
Engineering | 17 | 7% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 15 | 6% |
Other | 63 | 26% |
Unknown | 47 | 20% |