| Title |
Failing the Future: Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bem's ‘Retroactive Facilitation of Recall’ Effect
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, March 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0033423 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Stuart J. Ritchie, Richard Wiseman, Christopher C. French |
| Abstract |
Nine recently reported parapsychological experiments appear to support the existence of precognition. We describe three pre-registered independent attempts to exactly replicate one of these experiments, 'retroactive facilitation of recall', which examines whether performance on a memory test can be influenced by a post-test exercise. All three replication attempts failed to produce significant effects (combined n = 150; combined p = .83, one-tailed) and thus do not support the existence of psychic ability. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 119 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 30 | 25% |
| United States | 15 | 13% |
| Netherlands | 4 | 3% |
| Mexico | 4 | 3% |
| Canada | 3 | 3% |
| France | 3 | 3% |
| India | 2 | 2% |
| Norway | 2 | 2% |
| Spain | 2 | 2% |
| Other | 12 | 10% |
| Unknown | 42 | 35% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 77 | 65% |
| Scientists | 26 | 22% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 11 | 9% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 3% |
| Unknown | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 234 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 6 | 3% |
| Netherlands | 5 | 2% |
| Germany | 3 | 1% |
| Brazil | 3 | 1% |
| New Zealand | 2 | <1% |
| Switzerland | 2 | <1% |
| South Africa | 1 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Austria | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 4 | 2% |
| Unknown | 206 | 88% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 42 | 18% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 39 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 25 | 11% |
| Researcher | 21 | 9% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 17 | 7% |
| Other | 64 | 27% |
| Unknown | 26 | 11% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 134 | 57% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 4% |
| Social Sciences | 8 | 3% |
| Computer Science | 6 | 3% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 6 | 3% |
| Other | 34 | 15% |
| Unknown | 36 | 15% |