| Title |
Killing Them with Kindness? In-Hive Medications May Inhibit Xenobiotic Efflux Transporters and Endanger Honey Bees
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, November 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0026796 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
David J. Hawthorne, Galen P. Dively |
| Abstract |
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) have recently experienced higher than normal overwintering colony losses. Many factors have been evoked to explain the losses, among which are the presence of residues of pesticides and veterinary products in hives. Multiple residues are present at the same time, though most often in low concentrations so that no single product has yet been associated with losses. Involvement of a combination of residues to losses may however not be excluded. To understand the impact of an exposure to combined residues on honey bees, we propose a mechanism-based strategy, focusing here on Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) transporters as mediators of those interactions. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 31 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 30 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 30 | 97% |
| Scientists | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 144 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | 2% |
| France | 2 | 1% |
| Norway | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Belgium | 1 | <1% |
| New Zealand | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 132 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 17% |
| Researcher | 23 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 19 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 19 | 13% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 8% |
| Other | 28 | 19% |
| Unknown | 19 | 13% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 79 | 55% |
| Environmental Science | 13 | 9% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 3% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 3% |
| Psychology | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 14 | 10% |
| Unknown | 25 | 17% |