Title |
Eyes Are Windows to the Chinese Soul: Evidence from the Detection of Real and Fake Smiles
|
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Published in |
PLOS ONE, May 2011
|
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0019903 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Xiaoqin Mai, Yue Ge, Lin Tao, Honghong Tang, Chao Liu, Yue-Jia Luo |
Abstract |
How do people interpret the meaning of a smile? Previous studies with Westerners have found that both the eyes and the mouth are crucial in identifying and interpreting smiles, yet less is known about Easterners. Here we reported that when asking the Chinese to judge the Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles as either real or fake, their accuracy and sensitivity were negatively correlated with their individualism scores but positively correlated with their collectivism scores. However, such correlations were found only for participants who stated the eyes to be the most useful references, but not for those who favored the mouth. Moreover, participants who favored the eyes were more accurate and sensitive than those who favored the mouth. Our results thus indicate that Chinese who follow the typical Eastern decoding process of using the eyes as diagnostic cues to identify and interpret others' facial expressions and social intentions, are particularly accurate and sensitive, the more they self-report greater collectivistic and lower individualistic values. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 14% |
Iran, Islamic Republic of | 2 | 14% |
San Marino | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 9 | 64% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 12 | 86% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 7% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 3% |
Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
Italy | 1 | 1% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Finland | 1 | 1% |
Australia | 1 | 1% |
Spain | 1 | 1% |
New Zealand | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 68 | 88% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 17% |
Researcher | 11 | 14% |
Student > Master | 9 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 9% |
Other | 16 | 21% |
Unknown | 12 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 34 | 44% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 9% |
Computer Science | 6 | 8% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 5% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 4% |
Other | 12 | 16% |
Unknown | 11 | 14% |